THE ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER A1 GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Insulin resistance (IR), secretion of insulin, and abnormalities of lipid metabolism are all markers of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is a progressive and complex metabolic disorder. Major risk factors for the development of T2DM were identified as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Several studies found that many genes contribute to T2DM susceptibility after glucose tolerance. Adenosine Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 1 is a member of the ABC gene superfamily that is involved in cholesterol transport and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) biosynthesis. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism, particularly high-density lipoprotein, has been related to genetic variations in the ABCA1 gene (HDL-C). Previous research suggested that ABCA1 gene polymorphisms may a hereditary risk factor for type 2 diabetes, along with lower HDL levels in various populations.

Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799 (Amphibia: Dicroglossidae) in district Lower Dir, Pakistan / Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) Amphibia: Dicroglossidae no distrito de Lower Dir, Paquistão

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (the skittering frog) is one of the most widespread species in Pakistan. Present study was aimed to know the presence of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis in urban and rural areas of Lower Dir, the North-western Pakistan. A total of 33 frogs were collected, including 15 from rural and 18 from urban areas. The frogs were caught by hands covered with gloves instead of using nets. The collection was managed from August to October 2016 and from April to May 2018. Morphometric analysis, coloration as well as photographs of the frogs have been provided in detail. Skittering frogs were seen frequent in swampy areas near the water bodies. These frogs were mostly seen after sunset.

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (a rã que desliza) é uma das espécies mais comuns no Paquistão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a presença de Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis em áreas urbanas e rurais de Lower Dir, noroeste do Paquistão. Um total de 33 sapos foram coletados, incluindo 15 de áreas rurais e 18 de áreas urbanas. As rãs foram apanhadas com as mãos cobertas com luvas em vez de redes. A coleta foi gerenciada de agosto a outubro de 2016 e de abril a maio de 2018. Análises morfométricas, coloração e também fotografias das rãs foram fornecidas em detalhes. Rãs saltitantes foram vistas freqüentemente em áreas pantanosas próximas aos corpos d’água. Essas rãs eram vistas principalmente após o pôr do sol.

Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799 (Amphibia: Dicroglossidae) in district Lower Dir, Pakistan

Abstract Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (the skittering frog) is one of the most widespread species in Pakistan. Present study was aimed to know the presence of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis in urban and rural areas of Lower Dir, the North-western Pakistan. A total of 33 frogs were collected, including 15 from rural and 18 from urban areas. The frogs were caught by hands covered with gloves instead of using nets. The collection was managed from August to October 2016 and from April to May 2018. Morphometric analysis, coloration as well as photographs of the frogs have been provided in detail. Skittering frogs were seen frequent in swampy areas near the water bodies. These frogs were mostly seen after sunset.

Resumo Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (a rã que desliza) é uma das espécies mais comuns no Paquistão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a presença de Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis em áreas urbanas e rurais de Lower Dir, noroeste do Paquistão. Um total de 33 sapos foram coletados, incluindo 15 de áreas rurais e 18 de áreas urbanas. As rãs foram apanhadas com as mãos cobertas com luvas em vez de redes. A coleta foi gerenciada de agosto a outubro de 2016 e de abril a maio de 2018. Análises morfométricas, coloração e também fotografias das rãs foram fornecidas em detalhes. Rãs saltitantes foram vistas freqüentemente em áreas pantanosas próximas aos corpos d'água. Essas rãs eram vistas principalmente após o pôr do sol.

Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799 (Amphibia: Dicroglossidae) in district Lower Dir, Pakistan / Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799) Amphibia: Dicroglossidae no distrito de Lower Dir, Paquistão

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (the skittering frog) is one of the most widespread species in Pakistan. Present study was aimed to know the presence of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis in urban and rural areas of Lower Dir, the North-western Pakistan. A total of 33 frogs were collected, including 15 from rural and 18 from urban areas. The frogs were caught by hands covered with gloves instead of using nets. The collection was managed from August to October 2016 and from April to May 2018. Morphometric analysis, coloration as well as photographs of the frogs have been provided in detail. Skittering frogs were seen frequent in swampy areas near the water bodies. These frogs were mostly seen after sunset.

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (a rã que desliza) é uma das espécies mais comuns no Paquistão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a presença de Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis em áreas urbanas e rurais de Lower Dir, noroeste do Paquistão. Um total de 33 sapos foram coletados, incluindo 15 de áreas rurais e 18 de áreas urbanas. As rãs foram apanhadas com as mãos cobertas com luvas em vez de redes. A coleta foi gerenciada de agosto a outubro de 2016 e de abril a maio de 2018. Análises morfométricas, coloração e também fotografias das rãs foram fornecidas em detalhes. Rãs saltitantes foram vistas freqüentemente em áreas pantanosas próximas aos corpos d'água. Essas rãs eram vistas principalmente após o pôr do sol.

EARLY STEAM INHALATION THE FIRST CRUCIAL STEP IN COMBATING EVIL – THE COVID-19

Hot water is good for throat, but the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) hidden behind sinuses about 3-4 days. There was no way through which the warm water would reach behind sinuses. The virus that is hiding behind the sinuses enters the lungs within 4 to 5 days and causes respiratory problems. Inhaling vapor reaches the back of the sinuses. Steam inhalation thins mucus and clears nasal passages and reduces inflammation of the upper respiratory tract or inhibits viral replication due to the heat of the steam. The virus is paralyzed at 50 ° C. The virus becomes so weak at 60 C that it can be resisted by the human immune 0 system. The virus is completely dead at 70 °C. COVID-19 can be killed by breathing vapours through the nose and mouth, according to doctors. Symptoms of mild to moderate infection (COVID-19) usually disappear through vapor inhalation. If everyone started a week-long streaming campaign, the pandemic would end soon. The deadly COVID- 19 is likely to be eliminated if everyone inhales steam during the week. There are no negative consequences to this exercise, and it is inexpensive. This review article describes the benefits of inhalation of steam and its use as an adjunct treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic